In a recent study of the Chilean case, a marked preconventional and conventional character is observed in the formulation and development of public policies in Chile together with a hierarchical vision of society that determines the highly centralized nature of policy-making. The question that is proposed to be discussed is the paradox of why public policies that, by definition, in democratic societies assume the universality or post-conventionality of their normative referential and their forms of what is conjectured is that the formal process of policy formulation in its various phases is continually interfered with by particularistic interests of informal networks of reciprocity and stratification, which pressures them to take part in actions of informal networks to achieve formal social inclusion through policies, weakening in turn the character itself procedural and universalist of inclusion by public policies?

Recently, different governments around the world have begun a progressive process to promote and carry out strategies linked to the concept of "Open Government", whose principles are: a) transparency and openness; b) participation; and c) collaboration (Obama, 2009). In this context, the concept of Public Services 2.0 has been coined as a new interactive form of creating public value and moving towards a new type of citizen collaboration and open innovation through the systematic integration of actors in the process of governing and administering public services and public affairs (Hilgers and Piller, 2011; Bommert, 2010; Nambisan, 2008). The work analyzes the key concepts that underlie the application of Web 2.0 tools and social networks in a transformative vision of the State and public services, and the possibility of configuring a specific agenda oriented to the modernization of public management in Ibero-America in response to the various diagnoses that have surfaced in recent times on these issues (CLAD, 2010, Citizenship 2.0, 2011, WEF, 2011, OECD, 2011, and The Economist, 2011, among others) and based on: peer production and the richness of the networks (Benkler, 2006), the wisdom of the crowds (Surowiecki, 2004), crowdsourcing (Howe, 2006) and citizensourcing / wikigovernment (Noveck, 2009), service innovation focused on the user and open character (E. Von Hippel, 2005; Chesbrough, 2009), the government as a platform (O'Reilly, 2010) and the open government approach (Lathrop and Ruma, 2010).

The reforms to the State in Latin America focused on decentralization had the double intention of a better efficiency of public work and the construction of citizenship. These goals are in need of increasing the capacities of local institutions. Even so, visions of institutional strengthening mechanisms have focused on the formal dimensions of government. This presentation seeks to underscore the need to understand institutional strengthening not only as an organizational design, but as a mechanism for building democratic values ​​and civic culture at the local levels of government, which entails a new role for local governments, their way of relating and their mechanisms of integration of the population in matters of public interest.

The present article analyzes how a historical and highly complex conflict has been addressed through deliberation: the "damned problem" of the mountain in Aragon. With this we intend to respond to a larger theoretical issue: the feasibility and functionality of deliberation as a tool to produce better public policies in contexts of high political and social conflict. We conclude that, although it is possible to generate deliberative spaces of quality that produce significant impacts on public policies, contexts of high conflictivity put at risk the difficult deliberative balance. The operating patterns of the deliberative spaces, the behavior of the actors and the political leadership are shown as those aspects that will determine the success of deliberation in a context of conflict.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a typology to define and characterize what types of generic subsystemic positions the political actors of the dominant coalitions adopt before processes (latent, potential or ongoing) of substantive changes, in order to define their characteristics, and propose their use for an analysis of the dynamics of public policies based on three spheres of analysis (mechanisms, subsystem and narrative positions) to better explain the role and influence of actors and their resources in these complex processes. It proposes a typology of four logics of change operation: a) homeostatic response to shocks; b) of continuity and contention; c) strategic improvement for learning, promotion or innovation; and d) thermostatic adjustments. The identified logics are defined as the subsystemic attitudes, or response posture that are used as own and common by the actors organized in the dominant coalition, to address the dynamics of the policies (either under a reactive logic or as a development process). Thanks to them (in addition to reducing controversy and potential uncertainties by reinforcing the regime) all political actors (including those of the minority coalitions) conceive their role in the process of change (or in the midst of processes marked by stability), their potential scope and the development of strategies.

Although the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is present in the main modernization efforts of public administration in recent years, paradoxically this phenomenon has not attracted the proper attention of those who are dedicated to studying the reform processes of the public sector. In this sense, and from a perspective that combines elements of political science and administration, this paper aims to analyze the progress and challenges involved in the use of ICTs to improve public management, based on the case of the municipality of Morón, in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The methodological strategy of the research is based on an instrumental case study, in which the case interests not only by itself but mainly to understand in general the challenges and opportunities that local governments face in order to make intensive use of ICTs to strengthen local public management.

This article deals with the problems of coordination in federal countries. It begins with the premise that the public problems of the 21st century are issues without borders because they do not respect the geographical, jurisdictional, functional and temporal limits that in many ways have guided the study and practice of Public Administration. The emergence of this kind of problems has a significant impact on the making of policies, because one of the consequences of its transversal nature is the increase in interdependence among Public Administrations at different levels. From this it can be anticipated that coordination will be a critical issue for the functioning of federal systems. However, a type of coordination that can only come from a comprehensive approach typical of a State or country vision will be required.

Magisterial Lecture presented at the II International Congress on Government, Administration and Public Policies, "Innovation and Leadership: Challenges for Democracy and Institutions", GIGAPP-IUOG, Madrid, September 12 and 13, 2011.

The objective of this paper is to present and analyze the actors, forces and tendencies that will play in this process of change. The final conclusion of this essay is to show that the actors and forces at stake are not in a position to desing a public administration of the future with minimum guarantees of success. In our political and administrative system and in Spanish society in general, negative trends have been detected for a long time that can only predict a future model of defective public administration. Only from the awareness of this perfidious tendency can the actors and forces modify their convictions and their strategies and achieve points of complicity and agreement to build together an Administration model in line with the challenges that await us in the future.

Governability, governance or good governance were studied in depth by an author such as Joan Prats, who knew how to combine his work as a researcher, disseminator and manager through the development of a large number of studies in Spain and Latin America, the creation of management and dissemination of good governance frameworks, as well as active participation in consulting and teaching projects in management courses. The perspective proposed in this communication contains a personal (emotional) bias, due to the contact that this researcher had with Joan Prats throughout the years 2006-2010, although also scientific through the revision that is made of the Professor Prats' work, in light of the paradigm of governance, and the impact that his work has had on this type of Spanish-language scientific literature in recent decades.